Chemical Composition of Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid that is produced from the fermentation of ethanol into acetic acid. The fermentation is carried out by bacteria. Vinegar consists of acetic acid (CH3COOH), water and trace amounts of other chemicals, which may include flavorings. The concentration of the acetic acid is variable. Distilled vinegar contains 5-8% acetic acid. Spirit of vinegar is a stronger form of vinegar that contains 5-20% acetic acid. Flavorings may include sweeteners, such as sugar or fruit juices. Infusions of herbs, spices and other flavors may be added, too. Vinegar is made from a variety of source materials. Each contributes its own unique flavor signature to the final product. Vinegar may be made from sugar cane juice, rice and other grains, grapes (balsamic vinegar), coconut water, fruit wines, kombucha, or apple cider. Spirit vinegar is a strong variety of vinegar (5% to 21% acetic acid) made from sugar cane and doubly fermented. The first fermentation changes sugar into alcohol, while the second fermentation changes alcohol into acetic acid. Sources Bourgeois, Jacques; Barja, Franà §ois (December 2009). The history of vinegar and of its acetification systems. Archives des Sciences. 62 (2): 147–160.Cerezo, Ana B.; Tesfaye, Wendu; Torija, M. Jesà ºs; Mateo, Està ­baliz; Garcà ­a-Parrilla, M. Carmen; Troncoso, Ana M. (2008). The phenolic composition of red wine vinegar produced in barrels made from different woods. Food Chemistry. 109 (3): 606–615. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.013Nakayama, T. (1959). Studies on acetic acid-bacteria I. Biochemical studies on ethanol oxidation. J Biochem. 46 (9): 1217–25.

Classification Of Cultures Essays - 1615 Words

Culture is a hot topic. Scholars (Fukoyama, Huntington, to mention but two) disagree about whether this is the end of history or the beginning of a particularly nasty chapter of it. What makes cultures tick and why some of them tick discernibly better than others – is the main bone of contention. We can view cultures through the prism of their attitude towards their constituents : the individuals they are comprised of. More so, we can classify them in accordance with their approach towards humanness, the experience of being human. Some cultures are evidently anthropocentric – others are anthropo-transcendental. These two lingual coins need elaboration to be fully comprehended. A culture which cherishes the human potential†¦show more content†¦A culture can be described by using a few axes : Distinguishing versus Consuming cultures Some cultures give weight and presence (though not necessarily equal) to each of their constituent elements (the individual and social structures). Each such element is idiosyncratic and unique. Such cultures would accentuate attention to details, private enterprise, initiative, innovation, entrepreneurship, inventiveness, youth, status symbols, consumption, money, creativity, art, science and technology. These are the things that distinguish one individual from another. Other cultures engulf their constituents, assimilate them to the point of consumption. They are deemed, a priori, to be redundant, their worth a function of their actual contribution to the whole. Such cultures emphasize generalizations, stereotypes, conformity, consensus, belonging, social structures, procedures, forms, undertakings involving the labour or other input of human masses. Future versus Past Oriented Cultures Some cultures look to the past – real or imaginary – for inspiration, motivation, sustenance, hope, guidance and direction. These cultures tend to direct their efforts and resources and invest them in what IS. They are, therefore, bound to be materialistic, figurative, substantive, earthly. They are likely to prefer oldShow MoreRelatedThe Classification Of Wine And Culture1349 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards of inequality. Wine and culture are interdependent in the personal and professional cultural realm of France. Just like a â€Å"flawless bottle of vintage wine, France displays perfection in the land and its people† (Gannon Pillai, 2013, p. 229). As a result, wine has â€Å"shaped the country’s disposition weaving a common thread through all the varying walks of French life† (Gannon Pillai, 2013, p. 227). The classification of wine has contributed to the classification of society. France preciselyRead MoreTheories For The Classification Of Culture Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesTheories For The Classification Of Culture A culture is a sum of attitude, values, beliefs, and customs that distinguishes a person or group of people from another. Culture is inherited from one generation to another through languages, rituals, religion, art and many other such things. In the business world, the comparing, dealing or interacting of different people from different culture, community or background is called cross culture management. It is an important function for international firmRead MoreThe Laboratory Without Contamination Is Essential For The Study And Classifications Of The Unknown Bacterial Culture1203 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest in the laboratory without contamination is essential for the study and classifications of many life forms. Different techniques were used to differentiate the organisms. This process of transferring a microbe from one medium to the next is called inoculating. The organism chosen in class will be used to construct further testing. The purpose of this lab experiment was to find the identity of the unknown bacterial culture and use all the methods and the assessments that were introduced in the classRead MoreIntelegenc639 Words   |  3 Pagestheir culture, religion, and mind/body have significant effects on behavior . (Josh Part) Culture can be described as a representation of ones background and heritage, the views of music, art, and food are all taken into account when viewing an individual’s culture. Culture is actually a psychological word that describes a range of learned behaviors according individuals ethnic and social beliefs. There are variances in the understanding of abnormal behavior among different cultures. WhichRead MoreDiscuss Reliability and Validity of Diagnosis1012 Words   |  5 Pagesintricate. For one to obtain a reliable and valid diagnosis, one has to be sure that the classification systems themselves are valid and reliable. Because the concept of abnormality is so complex it is particularly difficult to define and this affects diagnosis. Also, there are a number of cultural and ethical considerations one must consider when making a diagnosis, some of these include culture-bound syndromes, culture blindness and racial/ethnic bias. Though many errors with diagnosis have been occ urredRead MoreDo Humans Perceive And Categorize The World?1715 Words   |  7 Pagesalso show that perception tends to be universal, while classification tends to be largely influenced by culture. There is also evidence that suggests certain aspects of perception may only be explained by culture, while certain aspects of classification are universal. This will all be addressed below. I will argue that humans are able to perceive things rather similarly. There were many examples used in class to examine perception across cultures. One of which was done by E. H. R. Rivers in 1898. HeRead MoreLabeling, As Humans, We Can Not Make Sense Of The Past Nor Present Without Labeling Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesclass, and gender. These three formalities of classification link to each other in that they are the major ways we sort out relationships between other humans in our minds. In other words, we utilize these three systems in order to, hopefully, understand each other. However, none of these classifications have anything to do with who an individual actually is in most cases. Unless, the individual assumes the ideas associated with each particular classification. Such as men are stronger than women or whiteRead MoreThe Problems Of Intercultural Communication1133 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent cultures generate a lot of problems, which are caused by a mismatch of norms, values, features world partners, etc. The main objective of this essay is contextualizing and allocation of the factors determining the affiliation to one of the crop to improve cooperation in the cross-cultural environment. To achieve the goal of the essay it to solve the following specific objectives: first, definition of the differing cultural patterns and, second, classification of Russian culture, taking intoRead MoreDynamic Nominalism848 Words   |  4 PagesThe meaning of dynamic no minalism is that in naming classifications of human types, people come to fit the label given. A new possibility is offered and this can influence individuals to adopt characteristics and thus fit in to the new classification. This differs from inert nominalism and realism as this label may not always be the same one used for the individual, as social change gives birth to new opportunities, individuals may move categories. This essay is going to explore Hacking’s term dynamicRead MoreThe Archaeological Theory Of Practice1451 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Archaeological Theory in Practice textbook, the positive legacies of Culture History are detailed by V. Gordon Childe’s archaeological theory processes. It emphasized that cultural History subdivided historical societies into distinct ethnic and cultural groups by their physical culture, rejecting a comparative method and independent cultural development, with documentation reflecting the development of specific groups have distinctive set of traits unique to each cultural group. It explained

Nursing and Computers Free Essays

Use of Computers in the Nursing Profession? Nikkia Jones CIT-100-Research Paper Instructor- Dr. Nancy Grant Outline I. Introduction II. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Computers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advantages of computer use III. Disadvantages of computer use IV. Conclusion V. Works Cited The medical field comprises a vast base of knowledge. Computer storage serves as the best way to house all this information. There are many types of computers that can help with diagnosing illnesses, doing procedures to treat illnesses, and even helping to reduce the degree of invasive procedures during testing. Many facilities are also switching from handwriting patient information logs to computerized patient logs. Including computers in each patient’s room to have their entire file readily available and easily accessible to retrieve and record new patient information. There are more computers than I can name that are used for medical purposes. With many of these we are able to provide many types of tests that can save lives and help in early detection of illnesses. Some include: Ultrasound, MRI and CT, Mammograms, and EKG. Computers in the medical field have made such advancement, particularly in nursing. With such a shortage of nurses, hospitals are trying to find a way to improve the efficiency of their nurses. More and more hospitals across the country are now using mobile computers. These mobile computers are also know as COWS (computers on wheels). Hospitals are using these mobile computers as the nurses station. By using the computers, nurses have access to all their patients information, medical records, diagnostic equipment, barcode scanners, etc. This cuts down on time they would otherwise use to run around gathering this information. Nurses have begun using computers to assess patients on point of admission in the privacy of the patients room. While the patients is being assessed, the nurse is able to see previous admissions, pertinent medical information, medication, and doctors’ notes. Using the computer also gives the nurse more time to spend with her patient. After the initial assessment, nurses can also use the computer to begin writing a plan of care, record interventions and outcomes, and communicate the information to other departments. Another great aspect of using the computer, is the elimination of trying to read illegible handwriting. Once a doctors orders is in the computer the nurse is able to clearly read them and dictate to the patient. This cuts down on time spent paging the doctor and waiting for a call back simply to clarify an order. This also helps to get medication doses correct. Medication errors are also being reduced due to the use of computers. Most hospitals are now using bar code scanners while administering medication. The nurse scans the patients armband, then scans the barcode on the medication. If the medication is not for that patient, an alert will come across the computer screen. Or sometime a patient is prescribed a new medication that cannot be taken with another. Most of the computer systems have this information so another alert will come up of this is the case. There are a few disadvantages of using a computer. If there is a problem with the computer system that causes it to go offline then it delays the nurse in all she needs to do, give medication, chart, etc. In conclusion, computers have made so many improvements in the medical field. There is more time spent with the patient instead of charting. The computer can flag unsafe medications, providing medication safeguards. Quick return of lab results is another advantage because all the results will be stored in the computer. Using the computer for e-mail, consults, etc, will shorten wasted time and improve communication between departments. Discharge instructions can be given to the patient as an easy to read list tailored to their diagnosis and needs instead of the old-fashioned paper with notes scribbled across the bottom. Most importantly, the use of computers improves the quality of patient care. The are not really any disadvantages to using computers, but one has to remember, the computer is only as good as the person entering information into it. WORKS CITED Eggland, Ellen Thomas â€Å"Using Computers to Document. † Nursing 27. 1 (2007) MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO Lippencott, Williams Williams â€Å"Using Computers to speed up the nursing process. † Nursing 32. 8 (2008): 70. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO â€Å"Medicine Meets the Computer† Wilson Quarterly; Summer 2009, Vol. 33 Issue 3, p 83-84 How to cite Nursing and Computers, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility for Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction: Here several dimensions have been elaborately discussed to find out the significance of those components in the context of market expansion and successful business strategy. Accountability of corporate social responsibility, diversification and integration have been explained in the following discourse. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an integrated form to regulate the corporate activities. As mentioned by, Carroll (2015), CSR is a mechanism that involves self-regulation to ensure the fact that the organization is maintaining the ethical standards, legal norms so that the business can result beneficial socially. The organization must think beyond the interest of its business so that the actions, taken by a particular organization, can appear out as the positive factor for the society. On other words, Servaes and Tamayo (2013), mentioned that an organization takes corporate social responsibility when it is considering long term profit from the business and wants to hold a stable and healthy relation with the shareholders. The strategy of the corporate social responsibility is also used to increase the trust among the employees, consumers, investors and communities as well as to leave a positive impact on the environment. For a better accountability on the content of this essay, examples from two companies has been included here. For the first, Telstra has been selected. It has been recognized for its corporate social responsibility; whether it is a donation for the Asian Tsunami relief aid funds or provision of intensive care transportation for the critical babies through their service of Telstra Child Flight helicopter service this company has successfully completed their responsibility to the society. Telstra foundation also takes care of the well-being of the children and youths. In addition, there are other aspects like gender equality, emotional assistance, monetary compensation, adequate leaves that this company strictly follow in their workplace (Telstra.com 2016). Another company is the BHP Billiton, reputed for its CSR. BHP Billiton has taken steps for serious issues like environmental sustainability by focusing on lowering the greenhouse gas emission, water management and maintenance of bio diversity etc. moreover, they are highly sensible to the issues like child labor, cultural diversity, protection of indigenous rights, health and safety issues and ethical considerations (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). Diversification is the strategy, adopted by the organization to reduce the risk factors by entering in a new extended market or by launching new products and finally through investing the capital in a way that can lower the risk of losing assets to a particular concern (Berry 2015). Organizations usually invest their capital in form of different assets to avoid the volatility of the market. Sometimes they launch new products along with the existing one to grab the market. This strategy also possesses risk because of the when the company is expanding its products or brands or investing money in other areas they are completely new to the company. Two types of diversification are there; concentric diversification is when it involves integrity of the distribution channels or adding products to an existing one; as the products are categorically same it requires a change in the marketing effort (Tate and Yang 2015). For horizontal diversification, it makes a company shift to a new product line other than the existing one; this strategy comes into force when the company knows the customer is loyal to their brand and will equally trust every product under the brand name due to their product quality, promotional and pricing strategy. For example, Lend Lease can be chosen because this company has successfully implemented their strategy of the diversification by capturing global market beside the Australian market. This company has focused on expanding its overseas market by adopting more stable diversification strategies. Another company is Sirtex Medical; it has also been successful in expanding its market in America and Europe apart from the Australia. Reports have been revealed that almost 70% of the revenue for this company has been collected from the American market whereas, the European market has contributed to the 20-25%. For both this companies, their objective is to provide the investors more opportunities to obtain more profit. Integration is another strategic step that is followed by the companies as the measure for the growth of that company. Integration can be of two types; vertical integration and horizontal integration. Vertical integration is the strategy where the company has its own supply chain system. As mentioned by, Rothaermel (2015), vertical integration helps to reduce the problem of hold -up as this approach brings the maximum part of the supply chain under a single ownership and sometimes it can also take the form of a corporation. the importance of the vertical integration lies with the lower cost of the transportation, reduced uncertain conditions, strategic independence, synchronization between the demand and the supply chain. Horizontal integration is the strategic approach that involves acquisition and merging of the competitors. This strategy helps the company that has acquired its rival company to hold a strong position in that particular market. Buckley (2014), mentioned that horizon tal integration takes place in a same supply value chain. It helps a company to expand its market by becoming a large entity after merging or acquisition of the independent companies. the main objective behind the horizontal integration is to make the organization large in size, cut the competition, access new markets, achieving product differentiation and economic scale. Apple is largely recognized for its vertical integration approach. The company possesses its own manufacturing facility for its sophisticated and customized chips, used in the products like ipads and iphones. This company has invested a huge amount of money for their North Sand Jose production unit. Due to this approach of the integration the company enjoys the independence and flexibility concerning the manufacturing capabilities. For the example of the horizontal integration, reference of merging of the two companies i.e. Kraft Foods and Heinz can be chosen. This two companies merged resulting into a single entity. Both these companies were known for selling of the processed food. As the merged, now, they have become more powerful and covering the larger market than before. This essay can be helpful to understand the importance of the elements required for successful strategic business management as the content of this document has been contrasted with the examples from the practical business scenario. Reference list: Berry, C.H., 2015.Corporate growth and diversification. Princeton University Press. Bhpbilliton.com, 2016. BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. Bhpbilliton.com. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/ [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Buckley, P.J., 2014. International integration and coordination in the global factory. InThe Multinational Enterprise and the Emergence of the Global Factory(pp. 3-19). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Carroll, A.B., 2015. Corporate social responsibility.Organizational Dynamics,44, pp.87-96. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), pp.1045-1061. Tate, G. and Yang, L., 2015. The bright side of corporate diversification: Evidence from internal labor markets.Review of Financial Studies,28(8), pp.2203-2249. Telstra.com, 2016. Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf%20C/ar-other-information.pdf [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016].